Distinct molecular subtypes of gastric cancer: from Lauren to molecular pathology. An attempt at a histo-clinical classification. The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma.
Genetics and molecular pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Van Cutsem, E., Sagaert, X., Topal, B., Haustermans, K. Global patterns and trends in stomach cancer incidence: age, period and birth cohort analysis. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.
The global, regional, and national burden of stomach cancer in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Genomic findings from these studies will facilitate ‘next-generation’ clinical initiatives in GC precision oncology and prevention.īray, F. Validating these insights will require specifically designed GC cohorts, converging multi-modal genomic data with longitudinal data on therapeutic challenges and patient outcomes. On the translational front, integrative genomic approaches are identifying diverse mechanisms of GC therapy resistance and emerging preclinical targets, enabled by technologies such as single-cell sequencing and liquid biopsies. Mapping of these alterations over the GC life cycle in normal gastric tissues, metaplasia, primary carcinoma and distant metastasis will improve our understanding of biological mechanisms driving GC development and promoting cancer hallmarks. In this Review, we highlight foundational and translational advances in dissecting the genomic cartography of GC, including non-coding variants, epigenomic aberrations and transcriptomic alterations, and describe how these alterations interplay with environmental influences, germline factors and the tumour microenvironment.
However, clinical efforts targeting these alterations have produced variable results, hampered by complex co-alteration patterns in molecular profiles and intra-patient genomic heterogeneity.
#WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GC PRO BOX AND GC PRO KEY DRIVER#
Pioneering genomic studies, focusing largely on primary GCs, revealed driver alterations in genes such as ERBB2, FGFR2, TP53 and ARID1A as well as multiple molecular subtypes. Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality.
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